Business Plan Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

task Plan - Research Proposal ExampleThe modern concept of marketing holds that the key task of composition is to determine the needs wants and values of the customers and to adopt the organization to delivering the desired satisfaction more effectively and expeditiously than its competitors. There are two key elements in this concept.(a) Integrating the marking planning and control with those of some other departments (like manufacturing, finance purchase, inventory control, personnel research and development) keeping in view the ultimate goal of customers satisfaction. It whitethorn be noted that the customers expect satisfaction not only in terms of genuine and good for you(predicate) products and services but also several other considerations such as prompt and regular tote up of production/services reasonable price, availability of efficient after sales service and so on. marketing management is the analysis, planning, implementation and control of programmes designed to cr eate, build maintain mutually beneficial exchanges and relationship with prat markets for the purpose of achieving organizational goals.3M Company Learning System is a new generation of microcomputer-aided education bend that uses an innovative dot matrix coding engineering to combine traditional paper book with microprocessor technology for electronic publishing. The system consists of textbooks printed with dot matrix codes as light background and/or as refined icons inserted between texts, an electronic pen with optical sensor, a hand-held device with microprocessor, and a flash depot card stored with digital audio contents of paper textbooks. The dot matrix coding system and the speech communication processing and comparison was first-time innovation that transforms traditional paper books into digital books. As a breakthrough, the 3M Company has fit the speech recognition technology into an intelligent speech comparison technology and applied it on a single-board micropro cessor-based product. Compared to other products in the current market, 3M Companys paper-based, no-display design and intelligent interaction functions make it much more commodious to use, and offer superior user-machine interaction.5.SWOT analysis and its success factors in 3M COMPANY5.1 SWOT analysis talent within the company are that

Victorian Gothic and Gothic Revival Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Victorian knightly and medieval Revival - quiz ExampleHe stressed a case of principle not style and presented rationalist, functionalist and moral principles into the architectural debate. Critic, John Ruskin, suggested that mediaeval buildings surpassed other kinds of architecture because of the amount of effort and craftsmanship that was invested in decorating each stone. But many of these previous(predicate) gothic structures they referred to such as churches in the achievement 1130 to 1140s borrowed from Romanesque traditions (Wilson 2005 p.13)The word Gothic came into fashion when artwork novice Giorgio Vassari contemptuously equated medieval architecture to barbarism, a throwback to the Goths who invaded Rome (Britain Express 2007). There were certain characteristics of Gothic buildings that stood them apart from the rest. Some characteristics of Gothic styles evolved in time - stark vertical lines, high ceilings, small palisade space, pointed door openings and windows and pointed arches (Frankl 2001 p.42).Neo-Gothic style or Gothic revival, originated from the Middle Ages and examples include Notre Dame Cathedral and Palace of Westminster. The primary(prenominal) characteristics include flying buttresses, cathedral-style engravings and tall spires. Some of these features were used in a number of skyscrapers in the former(a) 20th century up until 1930. Examples include The Chicago Tribune Tower and the Woolworth Building (Richman 2006).The Early English spot in architecture from 1190 to 1250 was characterized by pointed arches called lancet, used to span wide spaces and also above doorways. Lancet windows ware no tracery and were much narrower than their height. Rather than a single large pillar, the columns were made of a group of shafts nearly a central column. The use of pointed arch walls allowed larger window openings and flying buttresses supported the high walls and bound stone roofs. Examples of Early English period styles include Li ncoln Cathedral (1220) and Whitby Abbey.The Decorated Period in architecture from c.1290 to c.1350 was a development of the Early English style that was prevalent in the 13th century. The close to important element that characterized this style was the window tracery. Intricately designed windows were sectioned by mullions, stretching up to the arched top of the window. The mullions then bifurcate and criss-cross, interconnecting to fill the upper portion of the window consisting of a nett of intricate patterns called tracery. Interior rooms and spaces feature high columns supporting vaulted roofs. A number of British churches and cathedrals have the decorated style.One of the periods that sought to revive Gothic style architecture was the Victorian period (1837 to 1901). This was an era where style was a predominant factor in almost every sphere of liveliness whether it was clothes or buildings. The Victorian style is often associated with Gothic style architecture of buildings, dark woods furniture, an abundant of ornaments in wealthy homes and a high culture in architecture, painting, music and sculpture. Original Gothic styles were widespread in the 12th to 16th centuries but from the 18th century Gothic revival art and architecture came into popular use with flying buttresses, pointed arches, the

Are we free or determined Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Are we free or determined - Research Paper ExampleOn the contrary, when deal talk about freedom to do something, it is constructive freedom (Fromm 12). It is, therefore, reasonable to argue that freedom bay window as well be determined by the objective of the people at a particular proposition cadence. On the other hand, to be determined is the opposite of cosmos free. Being determined primarily promoter that the people cannot act out of free will since they are controlled by some socio-political systems. This paper seeks to engineer the question on freedom and human determination in light of the views of Descartes Rene, Erich Fromm, and James Rachels and Stuart Rachels. In his 1994 book, German-born psychologist and big(a) sociologist Erich Fromm looks into the dynamic link between man and the concept of freedom. Fromm addresses the concept of freedom from both the positive and forbid side. The sociologist gives the relationship between man and freedom a psycho-sociological approach. His point of reference is the promotion of Nazism in German and Europe at large. harmonize to the psychologist, the negative sniff out of freedom refers to any freewill associated with emancipation. freedom involves struggles by a nation to overcome undesirable management by some government or social organization. The struggle colonies were involved in during the freedom struggle is the most apt illustration of this freedom. According to Fromm, this freedom can be disastrous if it does not contain significant aspect of the positive sense of freedom (Fromm 21). In his opinion, Fromm thinks that fighting for emancipation is not a way of running away from distract but rather a way of moving from one trouble to another. This way, human beings are give tongue to to be running away from freedom because doing away with an unwanted government will lead to the humankind of another rule that is the same as the former. The sociologist explains that the manner in which Adolf Hitl er rose to power can be explained by the struggle for emancipation, without bearing in mind what exactly is suitable for a country (Fromm 34). By Hitler rising to power, the Germans had not solved a problem. In any case, they had left a terrible military post and plunged their country into more serious problems. The rise of capitalism made human beings realize that they could work singly to determine their futures. They realized that they were being transformed into slaves whose work was to meet socio-economical duties. At this point, people stopped thought of the idea of going to a state office, which was characterized by unnecessary red tape management, as being viable. It is at this point that human beings began focusing on self employment and identity management. According to Fromm, it is during this time that people realized the need for open and liberalized thinking. Employing such individualized ideas affected peoples perceptions of trust (Fromm 56). People began to devel op individuated thoughts about the Supreme Being. It is for this simple reason that up to this day, some people thus far question the existence of deity. Still, the churches and other religious institutions influence peoples thoughts on the existence of God and various religious doctrines. Fromm explains that the human race is not free. Like Rachels and Rachels in their book Problem pull in Philosophy, he argues that the human race is influenced and determined by various socio-political structures and systems. The sociologist

Problems of adolescents Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Problems of youngs - Research topic ExampleAdolescent mount up usually begins from the age of thirteen and wind up at nineteen. This age bracket is usually referred to as the teenage period. Although this stage is short lived, it sis a period characterized by vigorous maximum physical growth, mental breeding and emotional maturity. Both the internal and external aspects of development are visible. In fact, nearly all the physiological changes of human growth are completed at this bracket. In common scenario, this group is known for emotional imbalance, naivety and an overwhelming quest for adventure. As their emotions starts to balance, it is unaccepted not to notice appreciable level of intelligence, reasoning, thinking and appreciating of the environment surrounding them. Their memory faces to be so fresh and intact always perceiving things out of the ordinary, strong concept of creativity, well acquaintance with group associations and generalization. An adolescent is always challenging and questioning every thing a bout existence but feels a great sense of pride of achievement and satisfaction should their views be recognized on a password forum or any topic. This period is also characterized by so much joy and rapture alongside aspirations and adventures they would never want to miss. One moment this lad is in such lovely pettishness and the next instance he/she bursts in tears .As their emotions experience development, it is believed this is the reason why most seem to have such imbalances (Clemente, 2009). At any level of social moveion, this group would do anything to outshine her/his peers as their feelings are at maximum. Fro then, there exists a universal internalized way of watching feelings o others who also live on to the adolescence bracket. This understanding is readily exercise on the opposite sex who they feel so eager to interact with .Consequently, in their endeavor to win the admiration of the opposite sex, they display ego cente red interactions however with roughly checked adjustments in character to cover up their big ego. For an average adolescence, there exists a intrinsic recognition of norms and values determined by the society and knowledge of moral respect of God and dogma inexistence of heaven for good people (Adams, 2005). For any household with an adolescence amidst them understands that to this person, there is defined new era in interaction occasionally accompanied by rebellion, mood swings and switched attention from the family members to wards his/her peers. Parents only become very concern when the new era practices becomes a negative aspect of growth i.e., occurring too frequently than those they observe from children of family friends. Parents constantly feel challenge by such an unbecoming behavior and some even become emotionally affected .It is so important to establish the general causes of such behaviors by discussing the main problems associated with an adolescence age (Clemente , 2009). To understand these underlying problems then we must dwell on normalcy ands deviation from normalcy. To understand an onset of truancy, you leave behind notice a continuous boredom. To cover up for such boredom, the adolescent may be tempted to quest after in risky activities like stealing, driving without license, being involved in drug abuse, indiscriminant sexual maturation and at the extreme engage in physical fights. However, the above are just symptoms of degeneration thus the paper attempts to dig deep into the root causes of these symptoms

E-MARKETING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

E-MARKETING - Essay ExampleIt now offers more effective and efficient ways for communicating the messages of the caller to the consumers. The write up will highlight on the difference between the traditional merchandise communication and the E- market communication. The report will as well highlight merchandise tools which are presently being used in amazon.com. apart from that the assignment will also try to explain on how amazon.com can utilize the airing adoption process in the context with its newly released Amazon kindle reader. And at the end the report will try to put some of the benefits of using viral email, interactive advertisement campaigns and E CRM. The observe findings of the project are that amazon.com makes use of divergent kinds of marketing tools for its promotional purposes and increasing the customer experiences. Introduction Amazon.com Inc. is a global electronic commerce company which facilitates online buying of different kinds of products. The comp any was founded in the year 1994 and is headquartered at Seattle, Washington, United States of America (Amazon, n.d.). Amazon.com is considered as the biggest online retailer of the planet. The company started its venture as an online book store barely later diversified into other business lines. The company serves the customers via its retail websites and mainly focuses on the price and expediency. Apart from being a platform of online buying for the customers it also provides them with the opportunity to sell the product. One of the noticeable aspects is that the company has offered separate retail websites for countries like United Kingdom, United States, France, Germany and Italy among others. This course of action has been mainly undertaken to offer ameliorate customer experiences. Recently amazon.com has started developing Kindle e-reader which is gadget used for reading online e-books. The company also offers other services such as various promotional and marketing agreeme nts like co-branded cash cards and different kind of online advertisements (Yahoo finance, n.d.). E-Marketing vs. Traditional Communication Slowly and steadily many companies started to incorporate the use of modern marketing techniques in order to get the best out of it. One of the most significant ways of marketing communication came forward with E-marketing. Buzzwords such as digital marketing, online marketing and internet marketing are considered as synonymous with E-marketing (Pannu & Tomar, 2010, p.118). In simple words E-marketing or electronic marketing is the application of the principles of marketing and techniques of marketing within the electronic media and to be more specific by making use of internet. Internet marketing or E-marketing includes both direct as well as indirect marketing and a pose of different technologies for making effective connection and communication to the customers. The growing importance of E marketing is the flat coat for its high return on i nvestment from the traditional marketing. The benefits of E- marketing includes its reach to the mass customers, scope of oblation a range of products and services, interactivity or interaction, provides immediate effect and targeting different group of customers across the national boundaries of the business. Amazon.com is a company which is based only on E- marketing, and makes use of different kinds of marketing tools to promote its product. The company also feels that their most

Ethic Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

value-system Group - Essay Exampler areas in Los Angeles, particularly to East Los Angeles, by the 1870sThe arrival of immigrants into Los Angeles caused an augment of Hispanics into other areas of the city1 The influx of immigrants definitely changed the face of Los Angeles forever, making it a city that would someday cater more to Latino culture in many aspects, which will be examined in the conterminous section about assimilation.Assimilation has not always been easy, as much of the discrimination that Latinos have set about in L.A. Latinos in Los Angeles have traditionally been labeled as the ethnic group which takes away American jobs, supposedly. However, many times, these jobs are those which no middle- secern or even working class American would be likely to want to do.Symbolic interaction theory explains this by basically introducing the concept that people damp meaning to symbols and that those meanings come to control those people as a form of social behaviorism2 hea rty biases have kept many Latinos from advancing to their full potential because they are pegged as working class people who do not have much means for upward social mobility.Of course, certain part of L.A. are more conducive and open to Latino culture than others. Since the turn of the twentieth century, East Los Angeles in particular has been a center of Latino organizational and cultural life. This has served as an important source of contextual capital for Latino residents.3The Latino universe is exploding with bursts of growth. By 2000, after one of the most consuming periods of immigration in American history, the Latino population had grown to 35 million, or nearly 13 percent of the entire population of the United States... major Latino populations of the United States live inLos Angeles County (4.2 million)basically 46.5 percent of the population of L.A.4 There are many people living in Los Angeles who, for whatever reason, are assimilatory to American culture by

Business Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 2

Business Information Systems - Essay ExampleOne such factor that is genuinely requirement for success of any communication channel, especially in present era of huge competition, is treat and dissemination of reading in and out of the organisation. Nowadays, accurate and rapid management of information has hold out an essential and imperative labour for business organisations since besides product quality, it has been an observation that service delivery forthwith plays an important role in deciding future orders, and for this reason, a company can make or lose business notwithstanding by focusing on its information management and systems. Although management of information was essential in the early(prenominal) as well however, volume of such information was not so huge that it needed systems and thus, valet were performing the task efficiently (Martin, 1973, pp. 255-257). However, nowadays, due to huge number of customers, suppliers, vendors, etc, the need of business in formation systems has become inevitable, especially for companies that ar dealing with suppliers and customers on national and international levels. One such company downstairs consideration in this paper is Bognor Marine Watercraft (BMW) Company. In the last few years, BMW Company has witnessed an awful progress in its business of watercraft and ancillaries that was limited to the UK commercialise. Now, the decision-makers are now thinking about expanding the business due to increase in demand from the customers, especially for specialised high-end luxury watercrafts that has been the reason of their presence in the media lately. As the result, the notion of a global village (Avgerou, 2003, pp. 97-99) is becoming a reality for the owners of BMW Company who now wants to become a market leader in their particular industry, not only in the UK market but internationally as well. Although the company was aware of the importance of information technology and therefore, it did investe d in contrastive information management systems and databases, however, it is an observation that the company did not give consideration to non-homogeneous aspects that are very essential before setting up of any IT structures and systems (Lan, 2005, pp. 130-134). In this regard, this paper will include arrangement of different aspects related to IT systems that will potentially assist BMW Company in making the best affair of its IT systems. Business Information Systems It will not be wrong to declare 21st century as the era of science and technology since even in the business market, the flow of information from one inception to another has now become a decisive factor of success or failure of a company (Laudon & Laudon, 2007, pp. 101-103). As the result, nowadays, business information systems have taken place of humans and performing their tasks of processing and storing information while holding records and data related to different processes of an organisation. Companies ha ve now installed information systems that are capable of comparing and relating past and present data to provide statistics that enable owners to take crucial decisions in an efficient manner. Moreover, in bigger organisations such as BMW Company where there are different and various departments, information syste

Management Science & System Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Management Science & arrangement - Coursework ExampleThe cost of the rooms was 120 per room per night. They would book the accommodation but if they found taboo a week in advance that they were non going to make the trip, they would cancel at a cost of 10% of the total value. If they cancelled one (1) to three (3) days in advance then the charge would be 50% and on the day 100%. The Reservations manager who was pretty new did not know how to handle situations like these and so he flatly refused to accept the booking or to pause it any further thought. The hotel was already 60% booked for two of the days when the group wanted to stay. entirely the other days were below 50%. The group required 42% of the rooms which meant that there would obligate been an excess demand of a mere 2%.This case is considered of major importance because in a few months the Olympic Games will be in London and similar situations may arise during that period. Managers be required to make decisions ever yday. It is important that when matters arise that they ar analysed properly before actions are taken. Pearce and Robinson (1997) states that one of the decisive tasks of strategic management is to identify the most desirable options by evaluating each option in slatternly of the companys mission. One of the roles of management is to make decisions and there are a number of models that are available to assist in this process. One such method is decision analysis which uses a gain called a decision tree to analyse situations. According to Lucey (1992, p27) a decision tree is A pictural method of showing a sequence of inter-related decisions and outcomes. All the possible choices are shown on the tree as branches and the possible outcomes are subsidiary branches.Another model of major significance is linear programming a mathematical technique. Linear Programming has helped to bridge the gap between abstract economic theory and managerial decision making in practice (Koutsoyiannis , 1979). It is normally used in

Social care workers need to develop the knowledge and skills to work Essay

Social vexation give wayers need to develop the knowledge and skills to work effectively with people from similar and diverse background - Essay ExampleThus, in discharging the professional duties and accomplishing favorable tasks, social c ar workers need to work hard and develop adequate cultural competence. Acceptance among the masses is a precondition to the successful workability of a care giver. Anti-oppressive practice should, therefore, be adopted and proper changes in the service-user communities should be initiated. In the course of cultural competence development, anti-racist practice must focus on the discriminations based on colour and race (Sue, 2006). Improvement in social work development and training can be brought about by the means of thorough comprehension of peoples family arrangements, social norms and values. Social work and support in a culturally sensitive environment has to be based on geographic expedition of the diverse cultural heritages (Laird, 200 8). Finally, the research question is in the form of the following statement Social care workers need to develop knowledge and skills to work effectively with people from similar and diverse backgrounds. Describe unrivaled model of cultural competence and discuss the potential benefits and limitations of applying the model. Therefore, this paper will explore a sufficient cultural competence model and proceed on related discussions. ... A cultural groups objective cultural attributes, such as art and music, are important and are included as implied assumptions. The primary and secondary characteristics of culture, developed from and expanded upon from Hages (1972) variable and non-variable concepts are nationality, race, colour, gender, age, and religious affiliation. Secondary characteristics are educational status, socioeconomic status, occupation, military experience, political beliefs, urban versus rural residence, enclave identity, marital status, parental status, physical cha racteristics, internal orientation, gender issues, reason for migration, and immigration status. (Purnell, 2002) At the outermost larboard of the model, the global society is placed. Next, there is the interface of community followed by the layer of family. The inner interface represents the person, the metaparadigm concepts. Inside this interface related to the individual, twelve cultural domains have been depicted. The domains are interrelated and they affect each other. The twelve domains are 1. Overview/ Heritage Includes concepts related to the authorized residence and country of origin, reasons for emigration, occupations, educational status, etcetera 2. Communication Includes concepts related to the contextual use of speech, dominant language and dialects, paralanguage variations, nonverbal communication, etc. 3. Family roles and organisation Includes concepts related to social status, lifestyle issues, child rearing, gender roles, family roles, etc. 4. Workforce issues Includes concepts related to cultural communication styles, assimilation, acculturation, autonomy, individualism and healthcare practices from the country of origin. 5. Biocultural ecology Includes variations in ethnic and racial origins,

Brand Management - Create a new sub-brand for Ted Baker plc (new make Essay

Brand Management - arrive at a new sub-brand for Ted Baker plc (new make up range) - Essay Examplebulences within the British and the planetary trade, the firm needs to prepare in advance a careful plan for the relevant initiative estimating the effectiveness and the feasibility of this project in the long term.In order to digit the plan related with a specific product, we should primarily examine its potential marketplace in terms of the customers preferences as they ingest been observed in relation with similar products. In this circumstance, it is suggested by Henderson et al. (2000, 112) that the building of a brand starts with a precise definition of the target customer group and its needs and expectations and proceeds to a realistic judgment of how well the brand currently meets them. From a similar point of view, Dennis et al. (2002, 355) noticed that branding is well cognize for consumer products but power has shifted from manufacturers brands towards retailers whil e the term image is more common than brand in the context of shopping centres, but branding may become more important. In accordance with the above, the design and the development of a brand can be a challenging task especially when the targeted market is a competitive one (like in the case of UK). The proposed product leave alone include a series of sub-products. More specifically, the firm is interested in launching a series of make up products including a make up crme, a make up powder, a mix make up product (crme and powder in one product) and a compact make up product which will be characterized for its long duration.The careful examination of the British market especially of the specific sector showed that this market is offered for the specific product. More specifically, in accordance with a series of statistics published by Market look into Portal (2006) the value of British cosmetics market is estimated to approximately 1.5 billion Euros for 2006. On the other hand, it is noticed that everyplace the past five years the make-up market has seen vibrant growth of

Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Relationship - Essay ExampleIt puts us in a category of our sustain where we see things from the same eyes, even though we are two separate individuals who have their own several(prenominal) homoviews (Holt 2005). Even though Austin worrys to communicate with me on a consistent level, I have eternally asked him to meet me more than calling me on the ph unmatchable because I believe our experience is on such(prenominal) a level that phone calls could just demean us in someway. Hence it is best that we extol each new(prenominal)s company and this can only happen when we meet regularly. Some grand things that govern and essentially define our relationship include the respect that we have for our elders and the love and support to our rough-cut friends and colleagues. Both of us like to interact with kids, which automatically make us people who like to allude around children quite a lot. Austin and I are known to be extroverts which implies for our comprehension that we like t o go out more and more, and thus enjoy the festivities of eating out, partying by the beach as well as a range of other fun-filled activities (Azzarone 2003). We sincerely love the feeling of being close to one another because this is how we view life in its own meticulous way. It also makes us enjoy the world around us together. These important aspects developed with the passage of time as we started knowing each other more and thus we found out that our common traits were very uncommon amongst the people around us. The exceptional(a) two that we were actually made us feel good about our own selves, which strengthened our friendship all the same. Our relationship is more supportive than being defensive at any point in time. This is because we understand each other quite well and it makes our embodys easier in contrast to how other best friends live their lives. Our relationship has blossomed with the passage of time and I cannot recall a single instance where we ended up arguing between our selves. I believe this is because both of us respect one another and ensure up to our unity for the help and assistance that we so may require. Our relationship has thus become a potent force because our trust levels have been tied to who we are and how we view our friendship (White 2002). Some of the proper(postnominal) factors that contribute to the situations which back out place on a day to day level comprise of our interaction with the people around us. We both believe in giving our best when it comes to our elders, since we respect them a lot. We ceaselessly make an effort to help the underprivileged and needy around us, which is something that I and Austin gain bliss from. If ever there was a conflict between me and Austin, we would resolve it amicably. This is because both of us believe in keeping away from conflicts and rifts. Fortunately, we have never had a fight as yet which gives us the asperity to understand each other better. This is one way to kno w how much respect I wet-nurse for Austin and likewise (Costley 2007). We may have difference of opinions but this has never transpired into conflicts and hence the duration is of no use as far as its mention is concerned. The strategies that we use to resolve conflict would essentially take into perspective listening to one another and giving the other individual the much needed office so that he can think through things and get back. It is an important consideration and both I and Austin are well aware of that. I believe these methods have been quite satisfactory as conflicts are something that can literally mar the basis of any

Professional Needs To Develop a Good Carrier Opportunity Essay

Professional Needs To Develop a Good Carrier Opportunity - Essay display caseThe researcher states that since employment be be intimates a mode of living for an single(a) hence he would be discussing the employability that acts as a vital tool for his personal and professional sirement. The communication and interpersonal skills atomic number 18 essential for an individual to survive in an organization and this would help me to develop further skills like the leadership skills and experience in dealing with challenges. The researcher would gain relevant experience regarding the strategies to be undertaken in order to face the challenges that come across the professional carrier of an individual. With his development skills, the author would be able to deliver well for the eudaimonia of the organization. Since skill development is an important issue for being a part of the organization the author savor that through this he would be able to enhance his job performance. However, a ccording to the author the majority of the skills are developed during the on-job activities as well as action learning. The on job experiences include developing skills tie in to managing a project, job shadowing and taking up a new responsibility. The researcher can develop his leadership abilities by taking up the responsibility of the manager and he can interact with his aggroup members regarding the projects assigned to them. Further taking up new responsibilities would enhance his problem-solving skills. According to the author, it is the duty of the managers to understand the requirements of the clients and drop dead the business requirements to the aggroup members. The researcher can also deliver training as a team leader that would improve his leadership skills and abilities. The organizational culture also plays a key role in improving the level of performance of the organization in the international market. Adjusting to the new work culture would be challenging for th e author as it will take time to understand the needs of the organization as well as the ability of the team members.

Environmental Protection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

environmental Protection - Essay ExampleEuropean Convention has recognised Human rights as one of the important cornerstones of its existence. Under the Human Rights Act 1998, UK courts and public bodies are bound to act in accordance with the Convention. in that respect is one exception to this, which that the Convention right to an individual remedy is not transposed. Instead, there are in effect collective remedies, in the sense that legislation can be decreed incompatible with the Convention and fast-tracked with Parliament for reform, Bell, p.78.European human rights integrity operates at a general level at which usually it mostly outweighs the environmental rights and interests. ECJ has interpreted the right to respect home life (Article 8) and tries to provide remedy against innate pollution1. Human rights law also soak up an indirect impact on environmental rights because it provides various freedoms handle freedom of expression (Article 10). It gives the right of pea ceful assembly (Art 11) and this means it is possible to voice the grievances and protest publicly about environmental degradation. EC on Human Rights protects civil, political freedoms, but has not detailly essential any rights against environmental degradation.Environmental law is comparatively of a very recent origin and has emerged to safety device the natural environment from the onslaught of human activities that are continuously polluting the earth. Every country has seen that legislation is needful to protect the natural environment and ecosystems. This is a combination of common law, treaties, negotiated agreements, statutes regulations, precedents, conventions and other governmental policies passed for the purpose. Some of the laws mystify the activity impact on nature kindred setting levels of pollution. Environmental law does not have a definite boundary of its own. The potential lack of doctrinal certainty has, in the United kingdom at least, led to a number of a ttempts to justify the existence of a coherent subject k directn as environmental law as a discrete legal subject area, Bell (2006, p.5). Environmental law is a political discipline and political parties mutually never agree on a particular legislation. According to Bell, British approach to pollution control is pragmatic and involves consideration discretion. Environmental law involves economic, social, political, ethnic criteria in addition to environmental main thrust and regulatory agencies conduct the political balancing process, not always with great success. The power to define and enforce consents is ultimately a power to put multitude out of business, to deter the introduction of new business or to drive away a loss concern, (Hawkins, 1984 in Bell, p.14). Most of the laws are preventive in nature. 1960s started the worldwide phenomena of passing environmental laws and now it has become part of sustainable development and the policy thrives on public participation, enviro nmental justice and it imposes fines and in very serious cases, it could punish with imprisonment. The principle here is to prevent, command and control. There are many rights like private rights, public Law Rights, substantive legal rights and human rights involved in the environmental law. The humor Change Bill published on 13th March 2007 is aimed at low-carbon economy mainly to hop the carbon emissions by 60% before 2050 and if approved, perhaps UK will

Finland Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Finland - Essay Examplehe largest lake in this country, holds the record of being the fourth largest in the all of Europe (see Statistics Finland http//www.stat.fi/index_en.html). As to its landscape, more of the beas of Finland are flatlands with few hills. Today, this country is one of the most forward-looking nations in Europe. Most of the areas of Finland are covered with forest trees (see Statistics Finland http//www.stat.fi/index_en.html).The culture of Finland is a mixture of indigenous heritage defined by its Nordic and European culture (see CIA globe accompaniment Book). According to CIA World Fact Book, the culture of Finland has been strongly influenced by the adjacent countries of Sweden and Russia. The traditional Karelian melodies and lyrics are said to be the primary line of inspiration for the music of Finland (see CIA World Fact Book). Accordingly, the Karelian culture is said to be the purest expression Finnic culture (see CIA World Fact Book). In the field of visual arts, handicrafts and architecture, Finland has gained a reputation for its handicrafts and industrial designs (see CIA World Fact Book). akin many countries in Europe, Finland as its share of ethnic groups. According to the CIA Work Fact Book, 93.4% of people sustentation in Finland are Finns or the natives of Finland, 5.6% are Swede 0.5% are Russian, .03% are Estonian, 0.1% are Roma or Gypsy and 0.1% are Sami. Based on the 2009 edition of the CIA Work Fact Book, the emigration rate of Finland is at .06 migrants /1,000 population. Since majority of the people in this country are Finns, the official language in Finland is Finnish magical spell the second official language is Swedish (see Statistics Finland http//www.stat.fi/index_en.html). Other languages spoken in Finland are Russian, Estonian, Finnish Romani, Finnish Sign Language and Sami language (see Statistics Finland). According to Statistics Finland, there are three Sami languages spoken in Finland. These are the I nari Sami, Northern Sami and the Skolt Sami (see

Fundamentals of Decision Support -linear programming (LP), integer Assignment

Fundamentals of Decision Support -linear programme (LP), integer linear programming (ILP), or transportation problem and problem - Assignment Exampleon, the manager is seeking an option that has the least amount of costs, as he banks on this cost efficiency of the option selected in maximizing the returns on investment. Each of the three shirts produced by the company requires a given set of material n specify quantities or amounts. For instance, an athletic shirt requires one yard of fabric comprising of sixty percent cotton, while the wait is rayon. The gutter also has to consider the operational number of contracts per shirt within a given period, sound out weekly, and then compare this with the market price of the finished product. As such, the manager should come up with the ripe(p) quantities of each shirt that would bring the company the most profits without increasing its costs of production (Lussier 2010, p.382).The criteria for the manger to use in making this decis ion depend on the cost of raw materials, the available resources within the reach of the company, as well as, the demand and price of the finished product. Rayon goes at 7 and lone(prenominal) 3000 yards of it is available to the company on a weekly basis. On the other hand, cotton goes for 5 and the company elicit only lay hands on 4000 yards of the material. The available market demand of each finished product, together with the number of possible contracts on a weekly basis for each product, assists the manager in rough drawing up the right objective to pursue in making decisions. This is because there is a budget plant that the manger has to adhere to while making such decisions. As such, a manager can only make a right decision if it is within the budgetary provisions of the company, as well as, sanction the company of maximum proceeds at the closure of business (Pinheiro-Bohl 2007, p.75).The appropriate model to undertake in making such an important decision is the resou rce allocation model. This model enables the manager to make a decision on the right amount of resources to allocate to a given line of product or process of production. For instance, in

Offshore Outsourcing in Service Sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Offshore Outsourcing in Service Sector - Essay ExampleThis set about stresses thatfirms face complex decisions as they source reorganize the assess chains as offshore outsource some activities. The firms consider the cost reduction, standardisation of product quality, human capital and risks involved in reorganizing their value chains. The reorganization of value chains welcome tended to retain the knowledge oriented skills in the industrialised nations turn the lower value added functions are transferred to developing or less advanced countries. Certain industries demonstrate route dependent tendencies towards concentration of the processes and people in certain localities of the advanced countries such as the Silicon vale in California.As the paper highlightsthe geographical concentration is driven by the access to talented software engineers and programmers. The law of proximity to large pool of sophisticated users also driven the locality concentration of such firms. The f irms have realise the economic gains of geographically separating the programming functions to lower cost countries overseas while the introduction of networked computer terminals have added more impetus for relocation of the routine functions.Offshoring software development in Ukraine is driven by the elaboration of research and availability of highly talented personnel due to reliance of IT technologies. The increased competitiveness has hale firms to reengineer in order to seek new knowledge and arbitrage costs.

The Bravest Girl in the World Essay Example for Free

The Bravest fille in the World EssayMalala Yousafzai was just 15 years old when she was shot in the flip by the Taliban. The article The Bravest Girl in the World by Malala Yousafzai and Christina Lamb was presented in the December 9, 2013 come forward of the upfront magazine. The article explained that the Taliban imposed harsh laws in the Pakistan region-including the banning of schooling for girls. Malala Yousafzai and her father defied those laws and spoke knocked out(p) about perpetuallyy girls right to attend school. Their defiance earned them many admirers and enemies. One day, while she was move home from school, she was shot by the Taliban. She survived the attack and has become more famous-enabling her to spread her essence to the entire world.I am honestly appalled at how a girl going to school is such a big deal in Pakistan. I completely agree with Malala and her popping, girls have the right to have an teaching and they should be treated equally to boys. I feel this way because education is empowering and can help girls and boys equivalent to grow up and achieve their dreams- why would anyone want to smash a young girls dream? narration this story really makes you count your blessings and be thankful to have the privilege of going to school without torment about your brains being blown out.I can connect to this situation because Im a girl, the main fount is also a girl, and we have both been against sexism at one institutionalise of our lives. The only reason they had for debate her learning was that she was a girl.If it were a boy, they wouldnt have cared one bit about him learning. There are close to things that I havent been allowed to do simply because I was a girl. (Paintballing is the only thing I can hark back of at the moment but I know there were more occasions.) Thankfully, its not to the extreme point of not being allowed to go to school. However, I remember a few years ago my baby wanted to go away to college and a ll my relatives disapproved because shes a girl and shouldnt go away by herself. My dad still let her go and she happily went to college, got her bachelors degree, and is now working on receiving her Masters degree.The writer communicated her message effectively by using narration. She told us what happened as if it were a story- she was also very descriptive. I spy that the writer utilized similes that doorway was like a magical entrance epithets Bhai Jan, or brother and dialogue in the article. The use of these devices helped me understand the story better and do the article more interesting.Why do the Taliban detest the thought of women learning? Is it because they are afraid that its one step closer to equality? Was the gunman ever identified? After a bit of research, I found out that 10 men were arrested in connection to the shooting. Because of this tragedy, I think that laws that protect school children should be implemented. A law should be made against stopping in the mi ddle of the road for random strangers- especially if they have half their face covered. Also, I believe that the best way to respond to this is to have ALL the girls go to school with protection. That way, the chance of another(prenominal) tragedy happening is alleviated.Yousafzai, Malala, and Christina Lamb. The Bravest Girl in the World. _The New York Times__Upfront_ 9 Dec. 2013 12-15. Print.

Sample Paper for Propositional Arguments Essay Example for Free

ingest Paper for Propositional Arguments EssayIn this paper, I will analyze the following business line in ground of validity and soundness An affirmation is a syllogism only if it is valid. An wrinkle has a current conclusion, if it is valid. If an argument has lucid forgos, then it has a true conclusion. Thus, if an argument is a syllogism, then it has a true conclusion.As we sh entirely currently learn, this argument is valid exactly unsound.I begin my analysis by providing a dictionary and put the argument in standard logical grade. Here is my dictionary. Let S stand for an argument is a syllogism Let V stand for an argument is valid Let C stand for an argument has a true conclusion Let P stand for the expound are consistent Here is the argument in standard logical form.SVPCVCSCThis argument is valid. My proof for validity outhouse be found in my appendix at the end of the paper. And no, I am not going to provide an appendix for a sample paper. nowadays that we know that the argument is valid, let us examine each statement in the argument. The first exposit is SV. This states that if an argument is a syllogism, then it is valid. This is false. An argument could be a syllogism yet be hamper. A syllogism is an argument that has two premises and a conclusion but such an argument can be valid or invalid. nearly poodles are dogsSome elephants are not dogsNo elephants are poodlesThis argument is a syllogism yet it still has an invalid form. No, you dont reach to prove the form is invalid but you better be correctThe second premise is PC. This states that if the premises are consistent, then the argument has a true conclusion. This premise is false. If the premises are consistent, then there is an interpretation where they are all true. but we know nothing about the conclusion.P1 P2 P3 C T T T F In this truth table, we see that our premise are consistent. There is an interpretation where all three are true. But in this interpretation, t he conclusion is false. So, the argument is actually invalid. ( This is a relatively abstract truth table. You could also apply a concrete example such as this AvBA .BThis argument has consistent premises but it is invalid. You will want to present both the argument and a truth table. Dont make the reader guess what are the premises and conclusion from the table itself. Present the argument)The third premise is VC. This states that if an argument is valid, then it has a true conclusion. This is false. A valid argument can have a false conclusion. All dogs are catsSome mice are dogsSome mice are catsAs we can see from this example, a valid argument can have a false conclusion but only it if also has false premises.Finally, let us examine the conclusion SC. This states that if an argument is a syllogism, then it has a true conclusion. This also is false. A syllogism can have either a true or false conclusion. Here is an example of a syllogism with a false conclusion. Some mice are ca tsSome mammals are miceNo mammals are catsA sound argument has both a valid form and true premises. While our argument had the valid form, it also had false premises. Thus, our argument is valid but unsound.

Internship Case Study Essay Example for Free

Internship courtship Study EssayFollow the organisational format provided. Clarity of writing and proper usage, grammar and spelling ar expected. The case study must be typed and double-spaced, using a criterion term-paper format of 1 margins at the top, bottom and right and a 1. 5 margin on the left. Use a 10 or 12 point typeface. Case studies should be placed in a folder or musical notebook. The disciples name, Communication Internship, semester, and the sponsoring transcription are to appear on the front. PART I INTERNSHIP SETTING (3-5 pages) 1. justify the role and purpose of the organization with which you are doing your internship. Give a brief history of the organization. Describe the internship land site (a photo is helpful but not mandatory), and provide the current staff size. 2. Outline the organizations current leadership, including the educational and professional background of those in top positions (or those you work with most directly). 3. Prepare an organ izational chart with names and titles of those in the direct chain of command over you, from the owner/president to your contiguous supervisor to you.4. List the organizations publics (its audiences, people it influences or affects). Define these publics, using your organizations latest data (circulation figures, listing of clients, viewership/listenership ratings, number of employees, etc. )5. Describe the local/regional competition, and report how your organization ranks. 6. Find out how the organization has changed in the past year (for example, new personnel, labor problems, the addition/ termination of major clients, new mass communication thrusts, technological changes, etc. )7.Learn the history of internships in the organization, and herald whether supervisors view previous internships as successful. PART II SUMMARY AND EVALUATION (5-8 pages) 1. Describe working conditions and ordinary working hours. 2. Write a narrative (or, preferably, keep a weekly journal which chronic les events, issues, tasks and results throughout the internship). This should be a lively synopsis of the internship which includes examples that bring the experience to life. 3. Cite what was appealing and what was not appealing almost the internship.Tell whether you would consider this type of work after graduation. How has your internship experience affected your career plans? PART 3 INTERNSHIP PORTFOLIO Provide five to ten examples of your internship work (news and feature stories, tapes, campaigns, ads, newsletters, PSAs, etc. ). Show as much transmutation in your work as possible. Present the portfolio in an easy-access form for inclusion in a standard 8 1/2 by 11 binder. You whitethorn want to use portions of your portfolio in your literal presentation to the class.Interns who are engaged in electronic media or multi-media production or on-air work may submit work samples on audio tape, video tape, or computer disk (when required hardware and software are available to th e instructor). All portfolio items must be accompanied by a written explanation of the interns role in producing each of the items submitted. If there is some reason the instructor should not write on a portfolio item (for example, this is your only copy), please include a note to that effect.

Outsourcing Information Technology and Security Essay Example for Free

Outsourcing Information engine room and Security EssayThis can be defined as the employment done to another gild by an organization for the service provision in cultivation engine room or security run rather than the give of the corporate workers in the performance of such a duty. With the growing intensity of commercial-grade activities the concepts of strategical focus has been of splendour in formulating various structures and economies in the business activity. Managers have consistently sound slight the role played by external outsourcing. Such is done is the recognition of the economies of graduated table and economies in the greet factor which the organization would have been affected. The Elite Supercars can be voted in as one of the globular organizations where outsourcing has never been compromised. nonetheless a deep concern into the principles of economies of represent factor have been put into consideration. Firstly, an importance is attached to the s cale of adequacy in terms of levels of ability for the service provider. Since the provision of both the information technology and security service call for technical foul pursuits from the providers, the choice of service providers has been in recognition of their technical abilities and competencies.Either, the outsourcing activity has still been in evaluation of the comprise parameters. finished this activity, the company was to get a relatively lower scale in its costs. However, a scrutiny and evaluation was done by the management in accordance with the cost factors in choosing various clients against their quality of services. The choice of the clients by the company was indeed a compliment of lower costing service sales above high quality service inputs. preceding(prenominal) all other factors, the evaluation of the environmental factors in the activity was a factor.However the two choices were complimentarily environmental friendly within the organizational setup With El ite Supercars, outsourcing information technology and security has been important complements in its activities. This is a car manufacturing company with its roots at Singapore. However to it, outsourcing of the above two corporate factors draws a question of high concern. Firstly, with its increased manufacturing activity, the company had to outsource development of various software useful in the organizations processes.In the 1st November 2006, the companys CEO released a press release, where it had assure the Northern Ferrari Hire for developing an outsourcing plan by the web marketing. This was to involve various software on strategic marketing modalities. Perhaps, the impressive sales turn over embraced by the company can be credited to this fact. Through the program, the company is able to adequately provide an attractive package of marketing services to its customers.Through this method, customers have closer relationship with the company where it can adequately communicat e with them through with(predicate) the Internet. Suchan, Charles, 2006) nigh various examples show the death penalty success of this activity. This activity by the organizations implementation of the program has even driven it to its extended boundaries of its activities. The program was provisional and to a strategy in various story components. Firstly, it was a way of optimal costing. As an important tool in an organization, optimal costing implies skill in the activity performance. Optimal costing is also seen as the economical method in use of organizational resources.To the Elite Supercars, outsourcing of information technology is a complement of various efficiency-costing benefits. The information outsourcing therefore shows a big success in the companys costing system where it has obtained various efficiencies related to the program. Through use of an external supply, the organization had various benefits ascribed to it in terms of the costs. Like an external contract, the activity itself was less costing than the use of its own faculty. Either, this activity by its own required a high scale of technological know how about it.In regard to its inexperienced employees, outsourcing is still fundamental in the implementation success of the program. Elite Supercars was not strong and able enough to provide the set of competent staff allied to this facility. Either well, to the organization, the provision of a set of technical staff on information technology was not economical enough in relation to the cost factor of the broad organizational activity. However to the company, perhaps the greatest benefit from the project was the consequent development and growth of its sales turn over.Since the characterization of program, the company has continued to experience high sales volume. Above this, there have been various efficiencies in terms of the marketing factor. There has been a continued reduction in the cost of marketing through the various effecienc iess and economies of scale borne out of the process. (Cantwell, Alfonso, Granstrand, 2004) Outsourcing, by the Elite Supercars on security has been fundamentally one its management activities. From the past experience in insecurity and stealing of its cars at their manufacturing site, the company had to seek refuge of conclusion a entrepot facility for its cars.To the company, it chose to use the facility of storage that had been constructed by Dutch Authorities. With the same storage facility, the organization experiences lower cases of theft (if any) to its highly priced cars. Formerly, the increasing state of loss of cars had become a riddle which threatened the company in being out of the industry. It had continued to get higher levels of losses through the theft of its cars. At one level therefore, the facility offered cost saving deputes through reduced scales of misgiving theft. (Domberger, 1998)The move to use the storage facility provided by the Dutch Authorities was perhaps one of it strategic management goals. Construction of its own facility was a factor seen as increasing the level of its cost factor consequently. The construction of its own shortage facility was to involve a high level of cost factor compared to the level of its operational capacity. This is an attribute of success in the implementation of the program. Since prevention of car from theft was still a factor of consideration, the opportunity cost of not constructing its own facility was basically to be through the use of another facility.Otherwise, the loss that could accrue from the loss of the cars through theft was far beyond the cost outlay got from the payment to the external shortage. Therefore, the security outsourcing program was itself a factor of high attribute in the success of the companys activities. To the current period, security problem is no longer an paying back and the company continues to embrace the broad economies allied to these out sources. Broadly th erefore, outsourcing activity by the company shows a strategic management tool towards the organization activity. The company embraces the long run benefits of these two programs.

Junk Food Essay Example for Free

Junk Food EssayHello, my name is Daniela and I am here today to share my opinion about banning junk food, and hopefully I change your opinion, if you disagree with me. Well, junk food is food thats very high in fat, sugar, and calories. It scarce has protein, vitamins, or minerals. I know it may be very tasty and dependable, merely its not so good for your body. Eating junk food rotter cause your brain to get inclined to it in a way like drugs do. Youll constantly think you need it, when you dont.If you go a couple weeks without junk food and youre use to take in it, youll want it even more, which is bad. Poor work throughing habits as a barbarian, become worse when youre an adult. Eating it for years can cause obesity. oer 31. 8% of children in America are obese or overweight. This all leads to heart problems, diabetes, and other wellness problems. It can also cause cavities and other dental problems. Junk food also has a leave out of oxygen, which is what feeds the br ain and the rest of the body. Lack of oxygen causes fatigue and insufficiency of concentration.A lot of studies also delegate that kids grades are sliding down very fast, due to being tired and lack of concentration. They cant living all the information theyre learning in their head. Parents should monitor their kids diet, but at school they cant. Therefore the school should help the students in decision making whats better for their nutrition. Kids do what they see other people do no matter if its bad or good. They see us eating a lot of junk food theyll eat a lot of junk food. They see us being healthy theyll want to become healthy.So why teach them that eating a lot of junk food is healthy? At home, possibly some parents may not care what their kid eats therefore they should at least suck in one healthy meal provided by the school. Many students like to go and socialize with their friends during lunch since they cant really talk or see each other any other propagation duri ng school. Therefore, theyll want to only if grab a quick snack, like a type of junk food, and conscionable leave to go talk with their friends. They arent eating a good meal and are just putting junk in their body.Its much better if the school bans it and replaces the junk food with a healthy snack so at least the person can be eating something good for them. What if the school makes you take P. E. more than youre required to since they decided to keep junk food? I know many of you hate it. So I dont know about you, but I rather be eating healthy, than be trying to lose those calories I got from the junk food. I rather not even be taking P. E. another year just because they decided to keep that junk.Also, students are taught in health classes about healthy eating, and if the schools promotes and sells junk food, then the school contradicts its purpose of teaching this. The money you waste on junk food funds most of the cool and new rack we get for our school. The school board s hould be paying for this stuff. Theyre basically making money wrap up your poor health choices. I hope you see things my way now and think about load-bearing(a) the idea of banning junk food in school. Thank you for your listening

Blue Highways Essay Example for Free

Blue Highways EssayThe beginning to an end, and round again, for to the lowest degree fire up moonshine was when he lost his teaching job. He figured he had two choices to sopor the matter over or to go crazy. He chose neither. Instead, he decided to take a self-fulfilling tour in search of places where change did not mean ruin and where Time and Man and Deeds connected. least Heat moonshine took a circular route from one end of the United States to anformer(a) apply the back roads or the blue highways because he believed that life does not happen along interstates. He likened Life to a circular route that comes round again, to start over and anew. least(prenominal) Heat moon came from the Sioux tribe and like most natural Americans believed that those who embrace the new by discarding the old do not deserve to be honored. His trip gave him the opportunity to meet and talk to people, in the process learning from their experiences. In most cities he visited, people ask about his job. Inasmuch as he had just lost his, Least Heat Moon was vague with his replies and was tempted to answer differently each time.Someone from Grayville, Illinois thought people with vigor to do was common in any part of the country, while somebody from Shelbyville, Kentucky distinguished job from prevail and from occupation in terms of motivation, time and money. He saw people moving and renovating homes in Kentucky. They were log cabins of 1807 and Bob Andriot took pleasure in preserving them for another two hundred years. Bob has something from the past that he is do into something new to pass on to the future.Bobs kind is so unlike those in capital of Kentucky which was named after their local hero, Stephen Frank. From the old Franks Ford it became Frankfurt out of convenience without indirect request of its historical significance. The entire look of Frankfurt was similarly modernized. Kentuckys name became associated with Col. Harlan Sanders and his crispy-fried chicken. Least Heat Moon dined in Claudia Sanders Dinner House. Least Heat Moon believed nothing beats the delicious and au indeedtic regional food served in local cafes like they did three decades or so years ago.The Hammonds of Palisades raise construct a boat their life, a dream made true by their relentless pursuit of it. He lodged and dined at the Shakers Trustees Hall, which was built in1839. The Shakers have not out stand upd their building for their unrealistic views of life and adversity towards progress. On the other hand, Ida, south of Appalachia, was slow to progress because of its isolation. At Gainesboro, Least Heat Moon found that even if he was traveling alone he was to an extent sociable because of the chance that he impart meet someone at every stop.At Shepardsville Road, Madison Wheeler refused to part with his old stores signage disrespect a tempting offer for the simple reason that he wanted to keep his name. Least Heat Moon was invited to sup at Wheelers t able, something that Least Heat Moon appreciated noting that those who live on little are the ones to ask you to dinner. In Nameless, Tennessee Least Heat Moon spent an eve with the Watts who showed that him simple pleasures that last and stay in the heart like buttermilk pie, old music, hot bread and a doctor who calms like the hand of the Lord. He made several futile attempts to meet and talk to Native Americans, Hopi or Navajo, for fear of rejection. At Echo Cliffs in Arizona he noticed that etiolate manpower in station wagons bought beads from Indians, when it was the White Men in wagons who sold beads to Indians before. When history is repeated, thither is a twist in the course of events. In crossing Colorado, the Spanish missionaries of 1776, navigated the Vermillion cliffs in 10 days, ate cactus and 2 horses, made steps to climb and cross 400-ft walls.Least Heat Moon made his in 20 seconds, sitting down. What was terrifying to the Spaniards was magnificent to Least Heat M oon. What was a hurdle to the Spaniards was a breeze for Least Heat Moon. There were 2 observation towers containing reminders of WWII in the southern part of Rehoboth Beach. The infantile would have no idea at all, but had they been born earlier they would have been among the fallen heroes. Glen marshal of Smith Island found running a boat a good job because he had no boss to take orders from. , which to him was better than money.Alice Middleton thought that Island Belle brought progress to their island by bringing in provisions, news, medicine, and mails as surface as transported the sick and the dying. It was their equivalent to the cars of America. Kendrick Fritz was a Hopi Indian studying Medicine at the Southern doh State College. Fritz re-acquainted Least Heat Moon on their shared heritage. Fritz said that prejudice against Indians came from seeing them make trouble and that already made them a savage in the eyes of the White Men. The Indians hated the White Way but they en joy their pleasures as much.Fritz would go back to Tuba, to his people, to practice medicine and money will never be a consideration. To a Hopi, religion is praying for harmony, as well as rain and crops, and a good life. A common symbol among Native Americans is the emergence or the road of life. People go through birth, death, and rebirth. The symbol is also about the journeys we take as well as the cosmic patterns that valet beings move in. The Hopi Way teaches that every one is a part of one whole, a greater family. A hunter is forgiven if he hunts and kills for food, for only life can feed life. In the Hopi religion a psyche is not just one but a part of many things and that if he respects himself then he respects all things too. A person must not set himself above the quell as that would set him apart. The Hopi Way is the Way of the Spirit which is everywhere. Through his encounters with people Least Heat Moon gains insightful knowledge that it serves no purpose to hold o n to the past for it will never return, but, it would be regretful if the past is totally forgotten. It is within man to renew the past, not as a repeating but an exciting variation, like the log cabins with beautiful interiors.The present should always connect to the past for at that place will always be something to learn from and improve on. Without Claudia Sanders kitchen, the world would never know taste of the far-famed Col. Sanders chicken. The rich cultural heritage of Least Heat Moon seen through the eyes and heard from the lips of Kendrick Fritz replaced his fears with congratulate and a deeper appreciation of the beautiful journey he had made. It gave him the answers to the questions he sought when he started out and the message of the wrong turns and blind alleys fumbling and chance discoveries he made in his trip.Walt Whitmans Song of the unresolved Road from his Leaves of Grass collection was a reinforcement of the enriching lessons that came along to Least Heat Moon in his travels. Whitmans verses spoke from the past to Least Heat Moons present. Despite the distance he had covered Least Heat Moons journey is not finished, because he discovered that a true journey has no end. Works Cited Least Heat Moon, W. (1982). A Journey into America. Blue Highways. An Atlantic Monthly Press Book. Little, Brown Company. Boston/Toronto.

Effective Performance Appraisal Essay Example for Free

effective effect Appraisal EssayIn spite of this fact, however, in that respect be some elements which are ordinary to all effective mathematical operation assessment arrangings, regardless(prenominal) of the actual method(s) utilise in the system. These elements willing be discussed shortly. However, before examining these common links, a brief overview of implementation estimation as it is currently practised in Ameri arsehole organisations is in order. Current Trends in Performance Appraisal As introductoryly noted, controversy over the best act estimation system continues.The dilemma was eminentlighted in the 19 May 1980 issue of business organization Week where the editors concluded that charabancs want a system that will pinpoint specific marginal demeanor that should be reinforced or discontinued, serve as a personnel startment tool, provide a realistic assess ment of an employees potential for advancement, and a particularly hot issue in the 1980s ere ct up in court as a valid defence in discrimination suits. Has the essay for a best system affected what companies actually do in consummation assessment? A study conducted by Taylor and Zawacki2 in 1981 set out to answer this question y sending a mail questionnaire to 200 firms located throughout the United States these companies were selected at random from the Fortune 1000. Eighty-four (42 per cent) were re change shapeed and manipulationd in the study. The size of respondent firms ranged from less than 1,000 employees (nine), 1,000-5,000 employees (63), and much than(prenominal) than 5,000 employees (12). Non-respondent firms did not vary significantly in scathe of size. This study, which duplicated a previous one conducted in 1976, asked what kind of exertion appraisal system was used for steering and blue-collar employees.It also asked for the interval between ratings, productivity and employee reaction to the appraisal system, anticipated changes and responden t blessedness to the present system. piece of music it is not possible to go into all the detailed findings of this study, some of the most liable(p) information is summarised be wiped out(p). ? While in 1976 43 per cent of the respondent firms had used a traditional motion appraisal system (e. g. , forced distri preciselyion) and 57 per cent had used a collaborative system (e. g. , MBO), in 1981 these figures had changed to 53 per cent and 47 per cent respectively.In some other words, the proportion of companies apply a traditional start out to execution of instrument appraisal had increased plot of ground the proportion of those using a collaborative approach had decreased. Several respondents provided written comments stating that they had changed to quantitative (i. e. traditional) systems in recent years in reaction to legal challenges to their previous collaborative system. In 1981, 39 of the 41 organisations using a traditional system used a graphic rating scale. Of the collaborative forms, 23 firms used MBO and 11 used a BARS system.The component part of firms not satisfied with their current appraisal system increased from only nine per cent in 1976 to 47 per cent in 1981. In addition, those with collaborative systems were more likely to be satisfied, while the bulk of firms with traditional systems expressed dissatisfaction. As far as the effect of the attribute of system used on employee attitudes went, 37 per cent of the ? IMDS January/February 1988 13 ? companies using a traditional approach felt that it had change employee attitudes while 63 per cent felt it had not.Of those companies using a collaborative approach, 77 per cent felt it had improved employee attitudes and 23 per cent felt it had not. ? Of the 22 firms indicating that they anticipated changing their instruction execution appraisal system in the near future, 12 were moving from a collaborative system to a traditional system. This is e particularly arouse in light of th e fact that, in the 1976 study, the majority of firms indicating that they were considering a change give tongue to that the move would be from a traditional to a collaborative approach.While the 1981 study did not delve into the reasons behind this duty period in attitude, Taylor and Zawacki conjectured that it was due to governmental and legal pressures for precise (i. e. , quantitative) broadsides which overwhelmed a desire to suffice people transgress and grow towards suitable more effective employees. Of the firms surveyed, 49 per cent felt that their instruction execution appraisal system had improved employee performance (roughly the same proportion found in 1976).However, the number of firms that did not believe employee performance had improved as a result of the appraisal plow had gone from four per cent in 1976 to 19 per cent in 1981 and none of these firms anticipated changing their system (5) The appraiser should be devoted feedback regarding his/her effectiv eness in the performance appraisal process. (6) The performance appraisal system, regardless of the methodology employed, mustinessiness be with legal requirements (notably, Equal usance Opportunities guidelines).Since the factors listed above are consistently highlighted in the literature as inwrought elements of an effective performance appraisal system, each of them warrants individual trouble. Performance Goals Must Be Clearly and specifically Defined Special emphasis should be placed on this phase of performance appraisal, since the lack of specifically delimit performance goals will undoubtedly undermine the effectiveness of the entire performance appraisal process. The get a line performance areas train to be identified, assigned priorities and stated in quantifiable terms whenever possible.The mutual goal-setting process between a manager and subordinate associated with prudence by Objectives is a particularly beneficial charge to foster acceptance and internal w ant on the part of the employee3. As is often the case, if multiple goals are established, they should be ranked so that the employee has a clear understanding of which areas may warrant more attention and resources than others. Furthermore, every attempt should be make to identify performance goals in terms of their time, quality, quantity, and monetary dimensions.This will reduce the opportunity for misinterpretation about what is to be accomplished and what limitations there are. The quantification of goals will also work it easier for the manager and the employee to measure the employees progress towards achieving the fair games. The need for quantifying objectives is succinctly summed up by George Ordione If you cant count it, measure it, or describe it, you probably dont know what you want and can often forget it as a goal. There is still too much, do your best, or Ill let you know when its right, going most in todays organisations.If you cant define the desired type and l evel of performance in detail, then you hand over no right to expect your subordinate to achieve it. 4 ? To summarise, it would appear that while most firms wish to use a collaborative form of performance appraisal, they feel thwarted by outside forces (notably Equal Employment Opportunities requirements) in their attempts to implement such(prenominal) a system within their organisations. The dilemma, then, is finding a workable ascendant which will meet both constraints. The remainder of this article will take a look at these dickens seemingly conflicting areas (effectiveness vs. efensiveness) and how they can be integrated into a meaningful performance appraisal system. Elements of an Effective Performance Appraisal System While different authors use different names and limited descriptions for them, the following factors seem to be universally accepted by most authorities on the subjects as requisites for an effective performance appraisal system (1) Performance goals must be specifically and clearly defined. (2) attention must be paid to identifying, in specific and measurable terms, what constitutes the varying levels of performance. 3) To be effective, performance appraisal programmes should tie person-to-person wagess to organisational performance. (4) The supervisor and employee should jointly identify ways to improve the employees performance, and then establish a development designing to help the employee achieve his/her goals. The Varying Levels of Performance While setting performance goals is a authoritative first step in the process, managers also need to concentrate more attention on identifying what constitutes the varying levels of performance.If the organisation uses the typical poor, fair, good, very good and excellent scale of performance, the manager has a debt instrument to identify at the beginning what levels of performance will produce a very good or excellent rating. However, setting specific goals for organisational perform ance is not enough managers also need to relate performance to the individuals rewards. Agreeing on what is to be accomplished and what varying levels of performance represent in terms of valuation and rewards is crucial for the performance appraisal process to be effective5.Since the first two steps of this process (i. e. , defining performance goals and setting performance standards) IMDS January/February 1988 14 are closely connected, an example of how these steps might be achieved is warranted. A prerequisite for setting performance goals is to establish crinkle tasks. To measure performance realistically, objectively and productively, we must idea our reviews on vocation content rather that patronage constructs. Constructs are broad, often self-evident terms which describe a general task, activity or requirement. Richards refers to them as garbage words in terms of their overt utility as performance standards). An example might be communication skills. While few would a rgue the need for skills in communication for mevery employees, the problem is how to define the term in light of the requirements of the specific job in question. Will the employee be required to ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Write memos? Write letters? Conduct interviews? Deliver public speeches? Present proposals to clients? Describe features and benefits of a product? Resolve face-to-face conflicts?Handle customer complaints? Write job descriptions? Describe and define job standards? Manage meetings? Present ideas to top management? Initiative Resourceful in taking necessary or appropriate action on own responsibility. Unsatisfactory Poor A routine Often waits unnecessarily worker usually for direction. waits to be told what to do, requiring constant direction. Satisfactory Good comminuted Seeks and gets added tasks for self highly selfreliant. Assumes responsibility. Does regular Resourceful work without alert to waiting for opportunities directions. or Follows improvement direction s with of work. undersized follow-up Volunteers suggestions. Table I. drinks per bottle, etcetera In turn, these indicators should be embarrassed down into measurable standards, as shown in Table II. As shown, when identifying what constitutes the varying levels of performance, we need to decide what we can expect in terms of salient performance, what is satisfactory and what is the minimum level of performance we can tolerate. One could argue that these are essential determinations, and this is of physical body true.What is important, however, is that once these determinations keep back been made, performance can be measured objectively against the standard. It is important to keep in mind that standards should be set based on what we require or need in the performance of a job and not on our assessment of a specific individuals ability to do the job. Unless we say the behaviour we want in the context of job content requirements, it will be near impossible objectively to m easure someones performance under the generic construct of communication.We must determine the sort of communicating the job requires of the employee. Some organisations attempt to aid supervisors by providing rating scales which are anchored to descriptions of performance (i. e. , the BARS approach), such as the one shown in Table I. While this type of scale is certainly a long improvement over those that offer no anchors (rating descriptions) at all, we could still argue over the ratings. The standards are subjective and unmeasurable, both undesirable traits in any performance appraisal system.To overcome these problems, the job should be broken down into responsibilities, with a series of performance indicators provided for each responsibility. In turn, these indicators should be accompanied by objective and measurable performance standards. An example will help illustrate the process. A bartenders job can be broken down into several responsibilities, including mixing drinks, co st control, inventory control, house keeping, safety, law enforcement, supervision, customer relations, etc. In turn, each of these responsibility areas can be broken down into several performance indicators.For example, performance indicators of the job responsibility mixing drinks might include complaints, returns, brands used, appearance, speed, number of Personal Rewards and Organisational Performance To be really effective, performance appraisal programmes should tie personal rewards to organisational performance. Too many reward systems are based on time on the job, are divided evenly among employees, or offer too little incentive to increase motivation significantly. As noted by Harper3, performance appraisal systems need to be knowing with the three Es of motivation in mind.The first E refers to the exchange theory, which states that people tend to stomach to the organisations objectives as long as they believe they will be rewarded. The second E refers to the equity theory, which states that motivation is tied to the relative, rather than the absolute, size of the reward. For example, if person A does 25 per cent better than person B, but gets only five per cent more in a merit increase, then person A is likely to feel that management has actually punished him or her for doing noticeably better than person B.The deuce-ace E is the expectancy theory of motivation, which asserts that motivation is a combination of the persons perceived probability (expectancy) of receiving a reward and the worth of the reward. Even when the reward is great, motivation may in fact be quite low if the employee does not believe that he or she has a reasonable chance of achieving the necessary level of performance to get the reward. Conversely, if the employee believes that the probability of receiving the reward is high, there will be little motivation if he or she does not need or value the reward. IMDS January/February 1988 15Job Bartender Job responsibilities Mix drinks, etc. Indicators Complaints Returns Measurements used (recipe) Brands used Appearance Time No. of drinks per bottle, etc. feedback to managers about the quality of their performance appraisal ratings would seem to have several advantages ? ? It is relatively inexpensive and easy to develop and implement. The feedback is based on ratings made by each manager as part of the formal performance appraisal process. This enables the feedback to be bespoke to the individual. The feedback can provide managers with a basis upon which to compare their ratings with those made by other managers.This normative type of feedback is rarely available to managers as a result, there is very little information upon which they can rate how lenient or strict they are. A feedback system should help to ensure comparability of ratings among managers, which in turn may increase employee satisfaction with the appraisal process. That is, employees are more likely to perceive that their performance has been evaluated equitably since managers are using the same standards when evaluating performance. ? Job Bartender Standards Job responsibilities Mix drinks Indicators Minimum Complaints 4/hebdomad Satisfactory 2/week Outstanding 0 ?Table II. In summary, then, for a performance appraisal programme to be successful in this area, it must (1) Tie rewards to performance (2) Offer a high enough level of reward (3) Have the level of reward reflect the relative differences in the various levels of performance (4) Tailor the rewards to the inescapably and desires of individual employees. Development Plans Ideally, the performance appraisal programme should be comprised of two separate sessions between the manager and the employee. In the first session the manager and employee review the level of performance from the previous period what went well, what did not, and why.This session also identifies the employees strengths as well as the areas that need to be improved. The manager then e ncourages the employee to prepare a development plan to be discussed at the second meeting. The development plan is intended to identify areas that should be improved upon during the coming period. The subordinate should be encouraged to (1) Concentrate on those areas that will affect results (2) Select three or four particular areas for improvement rather than an fantastic and unmanageable number (3) Set improvement goals that are specific and measurable6.Whatever the end result happens to be, the employee needs to be the principal author (although the manager should offer help and suggestions) since people tend to be more motivated to accept and implement a plan of their own making. IMDS January/February 1988 16 Indications of the usefulness of such a feedback system were documented in a study by Davis and Mount7 in which managers were provided feedback vis a vis the ratings they gave to employees.In reaction to a questionnaire distributed one week after they had received feedbac k regarding the quality of their performance ratings, 79 per cent of the managers indicated they were all satisfied (seven per cent) or very satisfied (72 per cent) with the feedback 93 per cent said they considered it when making subsequent performance evaluations 70 per cent said it influenced their ratings either appreciably (47 per cent) or substantially (23 per cent), and 79 per cent said the feedback had utility for making managers ratings more comparable.The test results from this study indicated that the feedback also significantly reduced the presence of blessing error (the tendency to skew the rating distribution towards the higher rating categories) in the managers ratings. This is significant from an organisational spatial relation because of the multiple uses of performance ratings in organisations. Often, performance ratings are the criterion on which selection tests are authorise and often provide the basis on which merit pay increases are determined.According to Davis and Mount, improving the psychometric quality of the ratings may enable the tests to be validated more effectively and provide a more equitable method for distributing pay increases an important consideration, as previously discussed. Conforming to Guidelines Obviously, in addition to the other factors which have already been discussed, another practical consideration which must be taken into account is that any performance appraisal system, regardless of the methods employed, must comply with all Equal Employment Opportunity guidelines.While a complete discussion of this important area is beyond the scope Feedback Regarding Effectiveness It is surprising how infrequently organisations provide their managers with information about their performance appraisal ratings. However, providing of this article, the Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures, put unneurotic by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and several other agencies in 1978, deserve speci al mention.These procedures were meant to clarify the exact requirements which appraisal and other selection systems must meet, and include the following points (1) To continue using an appraisal system that has uncomelyly affected one or more protected groups, the company must demonstrate that the system is valid, that it is job related, and that it accurately measures significant aspects of job performance. (2) The company must establish that there is no other available method of achieving the same necessary business purpose that would be less discriminatory in its effects, and none can be developed.According to the courts, the plaintiff (employee), rather than the defendant (company) must show the availability of the alternatives. The EEOC has told employers what they cannot do, but it has not provided them with definitive guidelines for solving the performance appraisal puzzle. However, some help in this regard was provided in the Autumn, 1980 issue of EEO Today8. (1) Base your appraisal on a comprehensive job analysis. EEOC guidelines dictate that you measure job performance against specific, clearly defined standards of performance.The performance you appraise, says the EEOC, must represent major critical work behaviours as revealed by a careful job analysis. Without a clear, written tilt of job responsibilities, you increase your risk of EEO liability. (7) Submit the appraisal to several reviewers, especially if it is negative. To prevent conscious or unconscious bias from weirdying into the appraisal process, develop a multilevel review system. Have your superscript review and sign the appraisal. This system of checks and balances will reduce the risk of losing a court action. Final detectAs can be seen from the foregoing discussion, an effective performance appraisal system involves much more than a mere annual or biennial evaluation of an employees past performance. Nonetheless, astute managers are becoming increasingly aware of the value of th eir human resources, viewing them as an investment rather than merely an expenditure or overhead to be minimised. Accordingly, many organisations are taking the time and effort necessary to develop an effective performance appraisal system in order to help their people achieve their personal goals, which in turn allows the organisation to meet its own objectives9.Unfortunately, many managers still object that they just do not have the time to make performance review and development an ongoing process. However, if management is defined as the ability to get things done through people, and if we accept the fact that an effective performance evaluation process helps in getting the most important and productive things accomplished, then what else should managers spend their time doing? References 1. Fletcher, C. , Whats sensitive in Performance Appraisal? , Personnel Management, February 1984, pp. 20-2. 2. Taylor, R. L. and Zawacki, R. A. Trends in Performance Appraisal Guidelines for Managers, Personnel Administrator, March 1984, pp. 71-80. (2) have sex the details of your companys 3. Harper, S. C. , A Development Approach to Performance nondiscriminatory policies. You and every other Appraisal, Business Horizons, September-October 1983, pp. manager in the company should aim for the 68-74. uniform application of all appraisal guidelines. 4. Mellenhoff, How to Measure Work by Professionals, Management Review, November 1977, pp. 39-43. (3) Avoid subjective criteria. According to the Albemarle Paper Co. v.Moody decision, subjective 5. Richards, R. C. , How to Design an Objective PerformanceEvaluation System, Training, March 1984, pp. 38-43. supervisory appraisals of job performance are 6. Kellogg, M. S. , What to do About Performance Appraisal, inherently suspect if they produce unseemly impact American Management Association, New York, 1975. against a protected group. To stand up to the 7. Davis, B. L. and Mount, M. K. , Design and social occasion of a scrutiny of the courts, these judgements must Performance Appraisal Feedback System, Personnel be considered fair and job-related. Administrator, March 1984, pp. 1-7. 8. Block, J. R. , Performance Appraisal on the Job Making it (4) Document Keep records. That is the only way Work, Prentice-Hall, Inc. , Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1981. you can support whatever subjective judge 9. Butler, R. J. and Yorks, L. , A New Appraisal System as ments creep into the appraisal process. (They Organizational Change GEs Task Force Approach, are inevitable. ) Personnel, January-February 1984, pp. 31-42. (5) Aim for a group of appraisers who have common demographic characteristics with the group being appraised. This criterion was established in Rowe v.General Motors. When only livid males appraise blacks, Hispanics, women and other protected groups, the courts question the fairness of the. system. Once a system is challenged and shown to have adverse impact, the company must prove its validity. (6) Neve r directly or indirectly imply that race, colour, religion, sex, age, national origin, handicap, or veteran status was a factor in your appraisal decision. Making any disciminatory statement, orally or in writing, will make your organisation subject to court action. Additional Reading Kaye, B. L. and Krantz, S. , Preparing Employees TheMissing railroad tie in Performance Appraisal Training, Personnel, May-June 1982, pp. 23-9. Performance Appraisal Curre. Practices and Techniques, Personnel, May-June 1984, pp. 5799. Heneman, R. L. and Wexley, K. W. , The Effects of Time Delay in evaluate and Amount of Information Observed on Performance Rating Accuracy, Academy of Management Journal, December 1983, pp. 677-86. The bustle with Performance Appraisal, Training, April 1984, pp. 91-2. Gehrman, D B. , Beyond Todays Compensation and Performance Appraisal Systems, Personnel Administrator, March 1984, pp. 21-33. IMDS January/February 1988 17

Harley Davidson’s Just-in-Time Essay Example for Free

Harley Davidsons Just-in-Time EssayThis boldness is about the Just-in-Time (JIT) implementation at Harley-Davidson Motor Company. aft(prenominal) World War II, they facedwithcompetition from Japanese companies, which were able to produce remediate quality motorcycles at comparatively lower cost. Harley-Davidson found that there were three most important practices of Japanese companies, which differentiated their turnout function from that of others JIT manufacturing, employee involvement, and statistical process control.Harley-Davidson adopted those three principles and formulated different strategies to sustain this move possible and to make its manufacturing processes as efficient as that of its Japanese counterparts. The company finally succeeded in achieving its goals of reducing the cost of production, improving quality, and increasing its market share. With the company again getting into hard times, this case presents how it was trying to focus on continuous service in a wish well to bring itself choke into profits. Question 1 Why has continuous improvement been so successful at Harley Davidson?Continuous improvement is ongoing effort to improve products, services or processes. These efforts can seek incremental improvement oer time or breakthrough improvement all at once. Under continuous improvement, a projection or series of tasks were identified as the problem area in the business process, manufacturing operations, and product victimisation where improvement could be made. Harley-Davidson required the active participation and commitment of its employees to help in eliminating unnecessary steps and complexity for the process and to bring more flexibility into the system.Continuous improvement helped the company direct savings opportunities and put those mechanisms into places, also improved the quality standards and the reduced the waste in the forms of cost, time and defects. Therefore with a year, all Harley-Davidsons manufacturing operations were being converted to JIT components and sub-assemblies were pulled through the production system in solvent to final demand. Question 2 Considering the road ahead, what specific actions can Harley Davidson take that will move them toward their goals? Harley Davidson could postponement doing continuous improvement.Take a closer look at its operations in a bid to get its cost structure right and manage shipments consistent with the expected slowing of consumer spending. For continuous improvement, its begins with identify the current process and take a vote on which process would most benefit from improvement, thusly map out the existing process using a project board like A3 report. After fully understand the process, identify areas of opportunity surrounding the mapped process, to do this teams should analyze the current process and see areas that may be streamlined.Finally, the team will decide on a new process. In place to reduce excess capacity or costs and gain efficiencies, the company has consolidated some of its production facilities, and parts, accessories and general merchandise distribution operations to improve its overall process. The company also made it a high priority to manage supply in line with demand. In addition, the company started restructuring its production process to reduce complexity and create the flexibility to produce multiple product families on the same assembly line every day at the beginning of 2009.